Boarding School Voices is Krupat's latest contribution to his impressive body of work on Native American autobiographies. The text is grounded in decades of correspondence from those who attended the Carlisle Indian Industrial School through the 1910s, particularly their responses to surveys circulated by school officials. Throughout, Krupat (emer., Sarah Lawrence College) artfully weaves impressive biographical research and analysis around sections of the responses and even entire letters. He highlights the lives of these individuals and their family members, including shared experiences and notable developments, such as the tensions that erupted in Pueblo communities when returning students refused to participate in ceremonies. Krupat notes he intended the book to show not just what these writers suffered but also their "creative syntheses and adaptative actions" (p. xvii) as their schooling and subsequent experiences caused them to become "a different kind of Indian" (p. xviii). The resulting collection of life stories provides fascinating views of Native Americans' experiences during and after boarding school. Still, the book would have benefited from a stronger thesis to organize these stories and tie them to a clearer view of Native American adaptation and persistence at the turn of the century. Summing Up: Recommended. General readers through faculty; professionals.

--D. R. Mandell, Truman State University

Daniel Richard Mandell

Truman State University